The Pikuni Traditionalists Association, a group representing the cultural and religious interests of the Blackfeet Tribe, has appealed a ruling reinstating a federal oil and gas lease in the Badger-Two Medicine.

Today’s appeal represents the latest development in a 40-year saga over federal energy permitting in a 165,000-acre region of the Helena-Lewis and Clark National Forest that’s often described as the spiritual homeland of the Blackfeet Tribe.

The Badger-Two Medicine features in Blackfeet creation stories, supplies tribal members with traditional foods and medicines, and serves as a corridor for wildlife traveling between Glacier National Park, the Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex and the Blackfeet Indian Reservation. It’s designated a traditional Cultural District and closed to motorized recreation.

Louisiana-based Solonex seeks to build a well pad and temporary bridges in the Badger Two-Medicine for oil and gas drilling with a lease that has featured in administrative, judicial and legislative fights for decades.

The Clinton administration suspended the 6,200-acre lease in 1993, a move that subsequent administrations repeated under pressure from conservationists and tribal representatives seeking to stop energy development in the area.

Congress passed a bill in 2006 that prohibited future leasing on the Badger-Two Medicine and incentivized remaining lease-holders to relinquish their leases. A decade later, the federal government canceled Solonex’s lease, and Solonex challenged the lease revocation in court.

U.S. District Judge Richard Leon of Washington, D.C, sided with Solonex in his September 9 decision, chastising the Interior Department for subjecting the company to “a never-ending series of administrative reviews [that] have precluded any activity for nearly forty years.”

Leon rejected the federal government’s claim that drilling and road building in the area would compromise the area’s ecological and cultural value in his decision voiding the lease cancellation. Leon asserted that the lease had been properly issued and the federal government had functionally “waived” any right to cancel it.

Intervener-defendants forecasted their intention to appeal Leon’s decision in the aftermath of that ruling, with Blackfeet Historical Preservation Officer John Murray telling Montana Public Radio “the fight is far from over” in a September 13 story about the legal battle over the last remaining lease in the Badger-Two Medicine. They made good on that pledge with the November 2 filing.

“The Blackfeet Confederacy, the Rocky Mountain Tribal Leaders Council, which represents tribes across Montana, Idaho and Wyoming, and the National Congress of American Indians are all standing together with the Blackfeet Nation,” Pikuni Traditionalist Association member and state Rep. Tyson Running Wolf, D-Browning, said in a November 2 emailed release about the appeal. “We will never cede sacred ground to those who would defile it. And it’s not just about Indian Country, for decades now, Republican and Democratic administrations have supported a lease-free Badger because the place is important to all the people of Montana.”

The Blackfeet-Headwaters Alliance, Glacier Two-Medicine Alliance, National Parks Conservation Association, the Wilderness Society and Wild Montana (formerly Montana Wilderness Association) joined in the appeal.

“Drilling in prime grizzly bear and elk habitat and within a Traditional Cultural District makes no sense morally, environmentally, or economically and never will. Just as we helped other leaseholders reach retirement solutions that kept the land and their companies whole, we remain committed to exploring reasonable settlement options with Solonex,” Glacier-Two Medicine Alliance Executive Director Peter Metcalf said in the release.

The release goes on to state that parties opposed to leasing on the Badger-Two Medicine have made “several attempts” to settle the case with Solonex, offering a range of alternatives including cash buyouts, tax credits, land exchanges or access to tribal oil and gas fields.

David McDonald, an attorney with Mountain States Legal Foundation, the law firm representing Solonex in the lawsuit, said his clients have been expecting the appeal but remain “excited and energized” by Leon’s ruling.

“We’re ready to do whatever we need to do to finally get this lease productive,” McDonald said.

In 2020, U.S. Sen. Jon Tester introduced the Badger-Two Medicine Protection Act, which sought, among other things, to make the existing road-building ban permanent and prevent the construction of any additional buildings, pipelines or water facilities in the area. It stalled in committee.

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Amanda Eggert studied print journalism at the University of Montana. Prior to becoming a full-time journalist, Amanda spent four years working with the Forest Service as a wildland firefighter. After leaving the Forest Service in 2014, Amanda worked for Outside magazine as an editorial fellow before joining Outlaw Partners’ staff to lead coverage for Explore Big Sky newspaper and contribute writing and editing to Explore Yellowstone and Mountain Outlaw magazines.

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Note: This story originally appeared on Montana Free Press. It is published under a Creative Commons license.