"For an administration supposedly focused on streamlining, it strikes me as odd that the department is looking at regulations that will make the process more difficult, more time-consuming and more costly -- all at Indian Country's expense," said Sen. Tom Udall (D-New Mexico), the vice chairman of the committee. Some surprisingly frank testimony from Darryl LaCounte, a senior BIA official who appeared at the hearing, underscored those concerns. He admitted it takes a "very long time" for tribes to get a decision on their land-into-trust applications. "Typically, we're talking years?" asked Sen. John Hoeven (R-North Dakota), the chairman of the committee. "Correct," LaCounte responded. "In some cases, quite a few years," Hoeven continued. "Quite a few years, yes," added LaCounte, who said he has "studied" the issue at the BIA for quite some time. According to LaCounte, about 1,300 land-into-trust applications are pending at the BIA. Of those, the vast majority are for on-reservation properties -- only 200 are for off-reservation sites, he said. And of those off-reservation applications, only a small percentage deal with a controversial subject. LaCounte said there are 21 gaming proposals before the BIA, or less than 2 percent of the total requests.
Despite the small numbers, off-reservation acquisitions and gaming proposals are driving the Trump administration's agenda when it comes to tribal homelands. After just a month in office, Secretary of the Interior Ryan Zinke directed all such applications to be reviewed by political officials in Washington, D.C., subjecting them to additional levels of scrutiny, rather than streamlining them or leaving the BIA's field locations -- or the "front-lines" as the Cabinet official has called them -- in charge. A month later, Zinke raised eyebrows when he suggested that tribes are interested in an "off-ramp" for their trust lands. The remarks, which came at an energy development conference, were quickly walked back by a senior official but Indian Country's fears were already growing by then. The fears turned into a full-blown panic attack when the Trump team unveiled rule changes that tribes say will make it all but impossible for them to restore their homelands. Near unanimous opposition prompted the BIA to delay the roll-out of the controversial changes. The respite didn't last too long. The BIA resumed consultation on the Fee-to-Trust Regulations (25 CFR 151) earlier this year and heard similar messages from tribes and their advocates. "You know, I always say it's like Charlie Brown, when Lucy pulls the football out there," Chairman Ernie Stevens, Jr., of the National Indian Gaming Association said at a consultation in February. "You run up, try to kick it, and then they pull it out." Being treated fairly, regardless of which party is in charge, ranks high among the concerns of tribes. Some, like the Lytton Band of Pomo Indians, lost all of their lands when they were terminated by the federal government. "Having a permanent homeland for our people provides a continuity for the tribal government and for taking care of our members," Chairwoman Margie Mejia told the committee on Wednesday. "Indian people think seven generations ahead so having this land enables the tribal government to plan for the future of its members." The tribe's land-into-trust application has been pending at the BIA since July 2009, when Obama was in office. Though a "final" environmental assessment was issued in 2011, the 511 acres at issue, which are to be used for housing and other developments, remain in limbo amid local opposition, some of which was voiced at the hearing by a witness from the city of Petaluma. But LaCounte, who is a career employee at the BIA, said the Trump administration "supports the congressional efforts" represented in H.R.597. The bill already passed the House, though it has has yet to advance in the Senate, where tribal homelands legislation has struggled to find a footing.Great day for the Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma. This gaming facility will create 200 #jobs and bring in $30 million annually to the Tribe. https://t.co/QirzHSEfv1 pic.twitter.com/FimdnCNV8I
— Secretary Ryan Zinke (@SecretaryZinke) January 19, 2018
An explanation for the delay was offered by another witness. Bill Krauch of the Santa Ynez Valley Coalition said Sen. Dianne Feinstein (D-California) and Sen. Kamala Harris (D-California) are keeping a close watch to ensure the bills undergo "close examination and thoughtful consideration."
Neither Feinstein nor Harris are members of the committee. Feinstein, in the past, has called for restrictions on new tribal homelands in order to limit the growth of the $31.2 billion Indian gaming industry. Harris is a new member of Congress. When she served as attorney general for California, she repeatedly opposed tribal land-into-trust applications and participated in a closely-watched case that sought to rescind the trust status of lands held for a tribe in the northern part of the state.
The Santa Ynez Valley Coalition is opposing a second tribal homelands bill that was considered at Wednesday's hearing. H.R.1491, the Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians Land Affirmation Act, would place about 1,400 acres in trust for the Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians in the southern part of the state. Like the Lytton Band, the Santa Ynez Band has a land-into-trust application pending at the BIA. The "finding of no significant impact" was issued four years ago but local opposition has left the tribe in limbo as well. "Tribes, we look at land in a way that is perpetual. When we set foot on land ... we look into the future, hundreds of hundreds of year into the future," said Chairman Kenneth Kahn. "It's vital for self-determination and for the strength of our customs and traditions for many, many generations." The next steps for H.R.597and H.R.1491 would be for them to be considered by the committee at a business meeting. Assuming they are approved, they could be considered by the full Senate, where only one tribal homelands bill has passed since the start of the 115th Congress in January 2017. As for the BIA's proposed changes to the land-into-trust process, the last consultation took place just two weeks ago, on April 12. Written comments are still being accepted until June 30. Senate Committee on Indian Affairs Notice:
Legislative Hearing to Consider H.R. 597 & H.R. 1491 (April 25, 2018)
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Related Stories:Senate Committee on Indian Affairs takes up tribal homelands legislation (April 25, 2018)
Tribes secure hearing on homelands legislation amid drama on Capitol Hill (April 18, 2018)
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House approves land-into-trust bills for tribes amid concerns about process (July 14, 2017)
